An Update of Phytotherapeutic Advances of Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) in Wound Healing
Summary: This update reviews Calendula officinalis (marigold) phytotherapy for wound healing, highlighting its triterpenoids and flavonoids for anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and proliferative effects in DFUs. Clinical trials show 25-40% faster closure with topical extracts vs controls, via collagen stimulation and biofilm disruption. Nanoformulations enhance delivery, reducing doses and resistance risks, positioning marigold as a cost-effective adjunct for chronic ulcers in resource-limited settings.
Key Highlights:
- Compounds: Triterpenes (faradiol) for anti-inflammatory; flavonoids for ROS scavenging.
- DFU Efficacy: 40% granulation boost; RCTs show 25% faster epithelialization.
- Nano-Advances: Liposomal extracts for sustained release; 30% infection reduction.
- Safety: No AEs; suitable for diabetics with poor perfusion.
- Future: Combination with honey for synergistic DFU therapy.
Keywords: Calendula officinalis, phytotherapy, wound healing, DFUs, triterpenoids, Duraid Al-Khafaji, Abdul-Rahman Al-Khafaji, Mohammed Al-Khafaji